Sexual Minority Communities And Hate Motivated Violence

Introduction There is a correlation between culture and crime specifically with sexual minority communities and hate motivated violence. Hate-motivated violence refers to an act of violence that is motivated by bias or prejudice (Grattet, 2009). Reasons for bias crimes occurring include that these criminal offenses tend to occur in communities with high levels of social disorganization, they occur as a defense against neighborhood in-migration of ethnic others†, and neighborhoods with concentrated disadvantage and residential turnover (Garret, 2009). There are consequences of hate-motivated violence for example, hate crime victims report higher levels of depression, anxiety, anger, and nervousness, and hate motivated physical violence is†¦show more content†¦665). Hate crimes can range from trespassing and harassment to destruction of property to right out violence which carries a punishment for such as act in the criminal justice system. Statistics show that 17.4% of nearly 88,463 hate crimes were targeted toward sexual minorities which is eight times the expected rate for this group population (Hatzenbuehler et al., 2015). Measures used included the Sexual Orientation Classification, Bullying, and the LBGT Hate Crime Incidents (Hatzenbuehler et al., 2015). The sexual orientation classification measure dealt with sexual orientation, for example, completely heterosexual, mostly heterosexual, bisexual, mostly homosexual, completely homosexual (guy or lesbian), or not sure. In the Bullying instrument questions asked related to these specific types of bullying: verbal bullying, electronic bullying, and relational bullying which looked at bullying either occurring in school or in the community. The LGBT Hate Crime Incidents looked at only LGBT hate crimes types such as threats (22.12%), harassment (30.77%), assault or assault and battery (25.48%) and assault or assault and battery with a dangerous weapon (21.63%) (Hatzenbuehler et al., 2015). The results are as follows: the mean age of the sexual minority youth was 16.24 years old, female sexual minority youth were